Any research activity regardless of funding type may be subject to export controls if it involves the actual export or "deemed export" of any goods, technology, or related technical data that is either 1) "dual use" (commercial in nature with possible military application) or 2) inherently military in nature.

Work in the following areas is more likely to involve export controlled technology:

• Engineering
• Space sciences
• Computer Science
• Biomedical research with lasers
• Research with encrypted software
• Research with controlled chemicals, biological agents, and toxins

 In addition, any of the following raise export control questions for your project:

• Sponsor restrictions on the participation of foreign nationals in the research
• Sponsor restrictions on the publication or disclosure of the research results
• Indications from the sponsor or others that export-controlled information or technology will be furnished for use in the research
• The physical export of controlled goods or technology is expected